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Radiography utilises very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation, namely X-rays, will penetrate through solid media but will be partially absorbed by the medium. The amount of absorption which will occur will depend on the thickness and density of the material the radiation is passing through, and also the characteristics of the radiation the radiation which passes through the material can be detected and recorded on either film or sensitized paper, viewed on a fluorescent screen or detected and monitored by electronic sensing equipment.

Per ASTM E110, this testing is normally used for on-site applications or on very large samples. The portable hardness unit performs the hardness testing by applying a 5 kg. Vickers load indenter and electronically converts the values in the preferred scale.

Per ASTM E110, this testing is normally used for on-site applications or on very large samples. The portable hardness unit performs the hardness testing by applying a 5 kg. Vickers load indenter and electronically converts the values in the preferred scale.

Magnetic particle inspection is a sensitive method of locating surface and some sub-surface defects in Ferro-magnetic components. The basics processing parameters depend on relatively simple concepts. In essence, when a ferromagnetic component is magnetized, magnetic discontinuities that lie in a direction approximately perpendicular to the field direction will result in the formation of strong ‘leakage field’. This leakage field is present at and above the surface of the component, and its presence is visibly detected by the utilization of finely divided magnetic particles. The application of dry or wet particles in a liquid carrier, over the surface of the component, results in a collection of magnetic particle at a discontinuity.

Liquid penetrant testing is a technique, which can be used to detect defects in a wide range of components, provided that the defect breaks the surface of the material. The principle of the technique is that a liquid is drawn by capillary attraction in to the developer, after subsequent development, any surface breaking defects may be rendered visible to the human eye. In order to achieve good defects visibility, the penetrating liquid will either be coloured with a bright and persistent dye or else contains a fluorescent compound. In the former type the dye is generally red and the developed surface can be viewed in natural or artificial light, but in latter case the component must be viewed under ultra-violet light if indication of defects is to be seen.