NDT Testing Romania

The visual examination is based on the inspection of visible indications with the naked eye, being the most common and least expensive NDT method.

Applications:

• Identification of all open discontinuities on the surface;
• Inspection of less accessible areas.

Types of examinations:

• Direct examination;
• Indirect examination using magnifiers, endoscopes, calipers, etc.

Benefits

• Simplicity;
• Speed;
• Low costs.

This type of examination consists in the application of a penetrating liquid on the surface subject to control. After the penetration time, the developer is applied. Due to the absorption properties of the developer, open discontinuities on the surface are highlighted. The examination with penetrant liquids can be performed in visible light and/or in ultraviolet light, with fluorescent penetrants.

Applications:

• Identification of open discontinuities on the surface, including those that cannot be seen during visual examination;
• Examination of welded joints made of non-ferrous materials (ceramics, aluminum, etc.).

Types of examinations:

• Examination with contrast penetrating liquids;
• Examination with fluorescent penetrant liquids.

Benefits:

The method is very sensitive to the presence of small superficial discontinuities, an aspect that makes it superior to visual examination;

• There are few limitations of use;
• Short duration of execution and low costs;
• Complex geometries can also be tested.

Equipment:

• Cleaning agent;
• Red or fluorescent penetrant;
• Cleaning agent or water to remove excess penetrant;
• Developant;
• Lampa UV.
• Luxmeter.

Examination with magnetic particles is indicated for the detection of discontinuities on the surface and in its vicinity. Both colored magnetic particles and fluorescent particles can be used. It is applied to the examination of ferromagnetic materials.

Applications:

• Identification of discontinuities on the surface and in its vicinity;
• Examination of the surface of materials prone to cracking.

Types of examinations:

• Color contrast magnetic particle examination;
• Examination with fluorescent magnetic particles.

Benefits:

• Unlike other types of examinations, the one with magnetic particles can identify discontinuities even in the vicinity of the surface. In addition, for the use of this method it is not necessary to remove the anti-corrosion protection of the surface beforehand, an aspect that confers an advantage related to both the execution time and the conditions in which the examination can be carried out;
• The necessary equipment is portable, and the result is immediate;
• High inspection speed;
• Simplicity and ease in performing the verification.

Equipment:

• Cleaning agent;
• White contrast paint;
• Suspension of magnetic particles (colored or fluorescent);
• Magnetic yoke;
• UV lamp;
• Luxmeter.

Field of application:

• Butt and corner welded joints;
• Surfaces of ferromagnetic materials;

Puls-Ecou ultrasound examination is often used to examine materials and welded joints made of carbon steel and its alloys, as well as other materials: concrete, composite material, etc.

Applications :

• Identification of internal discontinuities in the material and its welded joints;
• Examination of sheets, cast, and forged parts.

Types of examinations:

• Examination with pulse-echo ultrasound with longitudinal and transverse waves.

Advantages :

• Ultrasound examination has several advantages compared to other non-destructive methods because it has high sensitivity and great mobility;
• The use of the method is not limited only to magnetic materials (as in the case of magnetic particles), nor to open discontinuities on the surface (as in the case of penetrating liquids), and about radiography, it does not require precautions of the type of radioprotection;
• The possibility of establishing the position of the discontinuity in the controlled part;
• Equipment mobility.

Equipment :

• Defectoscope for ultrasound examination Krautkramer-USM 36;
• Olympus - MX.
• Olympus - MX2.

Eddy Current Array (ECA) is a non-destructive method applied for the examination of the surface and its vicinity. Both surfaces and welds of the materials can be examined.

It is a method that can replace the examination with magnetic powders and penetrating liquids.

Benefits:

• Quick examination;
• Requires minimal surface preparation;
• It does not require cleaning the surfaces after the examination, compared to the examination methods: penetrating liquids or magnetic powders;
• Reduced costs.

Equipment:

• Nortec 600D

The method of examination with penetrating radiation or radiography consists of the interaction of penetrating radiation with photosensitive films. It can be done with X-rays or gamma rays.

Examination with gamma radiation (gammagraphy) consists of irradiating the part under control. The image obtained on the radiographic film after this irradiation is that of the internal macroscopic structure of the respective part.

The examination with X-rays consists of bombarding the piece under control with X-rays, obtaining on the radiographic film the image of the internal macroscopic structure of the piece.

Applications:

• Examination of welds;
• Examination of cast and forged parts.

Equipment:

• Radiation generator type Eresco 65MF3 (300kv, 3mA, directional);
• Eresco 32-type radiation generator (200 Kv, 10 mA, panoramic);
• Sentinel Elite 800 (50Ci max).